Automakers Pursue Eyes-Off Driving Systems Amid Debate on Viability

A new report highlights that automakers are advancing toward a big step in autonomous driving technology: systems allowing drivers to divert attention from the road, such as texting or working on a laptop, provided the vehicle prompts them to regain control when necessary.

For years, companies have improved driver-assistance features that manage speed and steering automatically. Enabling eyes-off functionality could represent the next phase, potentially helping recover investments in autonomy through new monetisation opportunities.

Ford Motor plans to introduce an eyes-off system on affordable electric models from 2028. Doug Field, Ford's chief electric vehicle, digital and design officer, noted that such technology could save drivers time affordably.

However, an industry debate is emerging on whether Level 3 autonomous driving (eyes-off) is practical. Some executives and experts argue that switching control between human and vehicle is unreliable or unsafe and creates complex liability questions. Others question if sufficient consumer demand will justify the high development costs.

A decade ago, predictions suggested widespread autonomous vehicles by now, but challenges in technology, costs, and regulations have delayed progress. Automakers have instead enhanced Level 2 systems requiring constant driver supervision, such as Tesla's Full Self-Driving feature.

Beyond Ford, General Motors and Honda Motor have announced Level 3 plans. Development costs for highway-only Level 3 systems can reach up to $1.5 billion, roughly double that of Level 2, according to a McKinsey survey.

Some companies have scaled back Level 3 ambitions due to costs, focusing instead on improving Level 2 capabilities. Mercedes-Benz, the only automaker to offer Level 3 in the US so far, recently paused its programme owing to limited speed, conditions, and geographic restrictions affecting demand. The company now prioritises supervised autonomous features for city streets and plans an upgraded Level 3 in the coming years.

Stellantis has also reportedly shelved Level 3 efforts due to high expenses, technical hurdles, and uncertain consumer interest.

Tesla focuses on fully autonomous driving rather than Level 3 for personal vehicles, while expanding its robotaxi service. Chinese automakers are advancing Level 3 approvals and including advanced Level 2 features as standard, potentially influencing global pricing expectations.

Liability concerns intensify with eyes-off systems, as responsibility in crashes becomes less clear. Experts note that without clear regulatory frameworks, widespread adoption may remain limited.

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