EV Batteries Outlast Expectations: Here’s The Proof

Geotab, a global leader in telematics, in its study has revealed that electric vehicle (EV) batteries are far more durable than previously assumed, offering significant implications for both global and Indian markets. 

Its new report draws on data from nearly 10,000 fleet and private EVs globally, representing 1.5 million days of telematics data, to assess battery longevity and degradation. 

This comprehensive analysis updates Geotab’s 2019 study of 6,300 EVs and highlights advancements in battery technology that could reshape perceptions of EV reliability and cost-effectiveness, particularly in markets like India, where EV adoption is rapidly growing.

The Geotab study reveals that modern EV batteries can last 20 years or more, challenging concerns about high replacement costs and limited lifespans compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. 

Key data points include:

• The average battery degradation rate is 1.8 per cent per year, a 22 per cent improvement from the 2.3 per cent reported in 2019.
• At this rate, a battery retains over 80 per cent capacity after 10 years and approximately 64 per cent after 20 years.
• For a 150-mile range EV, this translates to a loss of just 13.5 miles after five years, sufficient for most daily driving needs.
• Specific models demonstrate varied performance: the 2017 Chevy Bolt degrades at 1.45 per cent per year, the 2015 Tesla Model S at 2.3 per cent, and the 2015 Nissan Leaf at 4.2 per cent.
• Battery failure rates are remarkably low, below 0.5 per cent.

The Geotab study identifies key factors influencing EV battery degradation, focusing on battery chemistry and management practices. 

It examines three lithium-ion battery types: Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), and Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA).

Degradation rates vary due to these chemistries and the vehicle’s thermal management system, with liquid cooling outperforming air cooling. The study highlights that frequent DC fast charging (DCFC), high temperatures, and maintaining high states of charge (SOC) accelerate battery wear. 

To extend battery life, Geotab advises:

• Limiting DC fast charging to reduce heat-related stress.
• Maintaining SOC between 20 and 80 per cent to minimise chemical strain.
• Using advanced thermal management, such as liquid cooling, to regulate battery temperature.

Relevance to India’s Growing EV Market

As India accelerates its transition to electric mobility, with two-wheelers, e-rickshaws, and passenger cars like the Tata Nexon EV and MG ZS EV gaining popularity, the Geotab study’s findings are highly relevant, though they require contextualisation for India’s unique conditions. 

India’s EV market predominantly relies on lithium-ion batteries, with LFP batteries dominating due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, and resilience, particularly in two-wheelers (e.g., Ola Electric scooters) and affordable cars (e.g., Tata Nexon EV). 

NMC batteries are used in premium models. While models like the Chevrolet Bolt or Nissan Leaf are available in India, their battery technologies (NMC, LFP, NCA) mirror those in Indian EVs, making the study’s insights applicable.

However, India’s hot and humid climate, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C, poses a big challenge to battery longevity. 

The Geotab report notes that hot climates, like Arizona’s, accelerate degradation, but India’s widespread use of LFP batteries, which are more heat-resistant, could mitigate this. Additionally, India’s charging infrastructure primarily offers slower AC charging (Level 1 or 2), which Geotab identifies as gentler on batteries compared to DCFC. 

Key India-specific considerations include:

• LFP batteries, prevalent in India, are more durable than NMC or NCA, supporting lifespans of 15-20 years if maintained properly.
• Air-cooled batteries in two-wheelers and e-rickshaws may degrade faster, potentially at 2-3 per cent per year, reducing lifespans to 10-15 years.
• Indian manufacturers like Boson Cell are developing lithium-ion cells with up to 1,000 cycles, enhancing durability.

It must be noted that India-specific studies are needed to confirm these projections, given the prevalence of two-wheelers and unique environmental challenges like heat and dust. 

As India’s EV ecosystem grows, with government incentives and expanding charging infrastructure, the Geotab findings underscore EVs’ potential as a sustainable and cost-effective solution, provided user awareness and maintenance practices align with global standards.

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