What is a Petrol Engine?
A petrol engine (also known as a gasoline engine in some countries) is an internal combustion engine that uses petrol (gasoline) as its fuel source. Petrol engines have been the predominant power plant in most cars for over a century.
Petrol engines operate on a four-stroke cycle consisting of:
Intake stroke: The intake valve opens as the piston moves downward, drawing air and petrol into the combustion chamber.
Compression stroke: The piston moves upward and compresses the air-fuel mixture.
Power stroke: Ignition occurs via the spark plug, which combusts the compressed air-fuel mixture. This rapid expansion pushes the piston downward, providing power.
Exhaust stroke: The piston moves upward, which pushes the exhaust gases out through the open exhaust valve.
This four-stroke cycle repeats continuously while the engine is running. The crankshaft converts the pistons' reciprocating motion into rotational motion to deliver power to the wheels.
Petrol engines come in various configurations, including inline, V-type, flat, and rotary designs. Many driving enthusiasts appreciate their responsive throttle input. However, traditional petrol engines have lower fuel efficiency than modern hybrid options.
What is a Hybrid Engine?
A hybrid engine combines a traditional petrol internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery pack. There are different types of hybrid systems, but they generally work on the same principles:
The petrol engine provides propulsion power as it normally would.
The electric motor provides additional power assistance, especially during acceleration, to improve efficiency.
The battery pack stores energy from regenerative braking and can power the electric motor.
Hybrids can shut off the petrol engine when idling and use the electric motor to save fuel.
Sophisticated transmission systems allow seamless switching between power sources.
This combination of technologies allows hybrids to maximise fuel efficiency. For example, the popular Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder V Hybrid returns a certified mileage of 27.97 kmpl, nearly double that of a comparable petrol-only car.
"The battery pack charges through regenerative braking and the petrol engine. It provides supplemental electric power and enables the hybrid to drive short distances on electricity alone. Hybrid batteries last the vehicle's lifetime under normal usage.
While more complex, hybrid powertrains offer significant fuel savings and reduced emissions compared to traditional petrol-only cars, making them appealing to environmentally conscious buyers.
Petrol vs Hybrid - Key Differences
With petrol and hybrid engine options available today, what are the main factors to compare when deciding between the two technologies? Here are the key differences buyers should consider when weighing up petrol versus hybrid:
Fuel Efficiency
Fuel efficiency is the biggest advantage of hybrid vehicles. Hybrid powertrains maximise fuel economy by utilising a petrol engine and an electric motor. The electric motor provides extra power when accelerating and allows the petrol engine to shut off when idling or coasting. Regenerative braking also captures energy to recharge the battery.
As a result, hybrids can achieve nearly double the fuel efficiency of an equivalent traditional petrol-only car. For example, the Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder returns a certified mileage of 27.97 kmpl, the Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara delivers up to 27.97 kmpl, and the Toyota Camry yields 19 kmpl, which compared to petrol-only versions like the Hyundai Creta, 16-17 kmpl, Kia Seltos, 16.5 kmpl, and MG Hector, 14-16 kmpl.
They drive 15,000 km per year at ten kmpl, which costs around ₹150,000 in petrol purchases annually. But a hybrid getting 20 kmpl over the same distance would cost only around ₹75,000 - savings of ₹75,000 per year on fuel. For high-mileage drivers, the fuel savings of a hybrid add up over time, often offsetting the higher initial purchase cost.
Environmental Impact
Due to reduced petrol engine usage and efficiency optimisations, hybrids emit significantly less harmful greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, than traditional cars. Emission testing shows hybrids produce around 20-30% fewer emissions.
It makes hybrids an environmentally friendly choice, especially in dense urban areas where air pollution is a major concern. Hybrids help combat the dangerous air quality issues in many Indian cities.
Performance
The instant torque provided by electric motors allows most hybrids to deliver brisk, responsive acceleration. The electric motor boost augments the petrol engine to help hybrids feel peppy at low to moderate speeds.
However, petrol engines offer more potential for high-end horsepower that appeals to enthusiasts. For example, the 101.64 bhp Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder E is quicker off the line than the 91.18 bhp Urban Cruiser Hyryder V HYBRID.
Cost
The purchase price for hybrids is usually ₹200,000 to ₹300,000 higher than comparable petrol-only versions. This cost premium is due to the additional hybrid components, such as the electric motor, battery pack, and complex transmission.
Many hybrid owners can recoup the additional cost of the car through lower fuel expenses in the long run. Maintenance costs are similar for hybrids and regular petrol cars.
Availability
While hybrid availability was once very limited, almost every major manufacturer now offers hybrid versions of popular models. Over ten hybrid cars, from compact SUVs to luxury vehicles, are available in India.
However, the selection still needs to match traditional petrol cars, especially when looking at larger vehicle classes. There are few hybrid MPVs or performance cars. But, choices continue to expand each model year as hybrids gain market share.
Driving Experience
Hybrids drive differently than normal petrol cars. The transition between petrol and electric modes can initially feel unusual. Hybrids also lack the immediate throttle response that performance enthusiasts enjoy with traditional petrol power.
However, many drivers quickly adapt to these differences. The quieter, smoother operation in electric mode is appreciated by most. Regenerative braking takes some adjustment but soon feels normal. With growing familiarity, hybrids deliver a very satisfying driving experience for most owners.
Hybrid Cars in India
Hybrid cars are gaining traction in India as buyers seek improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Several major automakers now offer hybrid variants of popular models. Let's take a detailed look at some of the top hybrids available in the Indian market:
Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder
The Toyota Hyryder, which debuted in 2022, offers two powertrain choices. The mild-hybrid edition features a 1.5-litre engine paired with a 5-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmission. In contrast, the standout model is the powerful hybrid version, which employs a highly efficient 116hp 1.5-litre petrol-electric hybrid system with an e-CVT gearbox.
This powertrain delivers best-in-class ARAI-certified mileage of 27.97 kmpl. Customers report getting over 20 kmpl in city traffic in real-world driving, nearly double what an equivalent petrol SUV offers. The electric motor provides torque assist during acceleration, allowing the petrol engine to remain in a more efficient operating range.
In terms of features, the top-end Hyryder hybrid variants come loaded with a 9-inch touchscreen infotainment system, 8-speaker audio, connected car technology, ventilated front seats, wireless charging, and auto headlamps. A colour heads-up display and panoramic sunroof add a touch of luxury. The safety kit includes six airbags, vehicle stability control, hill hold assist, and a 360-degree camera.
Check out: Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder Variants
Toyota Innova Hycross
The all-new Innova Hycross introduces Toyota's petrol-electric hybrid technology to the popular MPV segment. It features a high-output 2.0-litre petrol engine that, alongside an electric motor, generates 181.18 bhp and up to 206 Nm of torque. The power transmission is through an e-CVT automatic transmission.
Toyota claims the Hycross hybrid's fuel efficiency is 21.1 kmpl, which is segment-leading if achieved. The cabin has features, including a 10.1-inch touchscreen, tri-zone climate control, ambient lighting, powered seats, and a panoramic sunroof. Passengers enjoy good comfort with second-row captain seats.
Safety systems like six airbags, ABS with EBD, vehicle stability control, hill start assist, and rear parking sensors are standard. Higher variants also add ADAS tech, including adaptive cruise control, auto emergency braking, lane departure warning, and blind spot monitoring. Overall, the Hycross hybrid improves efficiency and comfort in the popular MPV category.
Check out: Toyota Innova Hycross Variants
Honda City e: HEV
The Honda City is India's best-selling sedan. In 2022, Honda introduced a hybrid version called the City e:HEV. This version gets an efficient 1.5-litre twin-motor hybrid system producing 124.27 bhp and 253 Nm torque combined. The engine works together with the electric drive motor to maximise economy.
Thanks to the e-CVT transmission, power delivery is silky smooth. ARAI testing shows a fuel efficiency of 26.5 kmpl, which is best among petrol sedans. Real-world mileage is lower but still impressive for a midsize sedan. The cabin is well-appointed, with leather seats, a sunroof, and an 8-inch touchscreen. ADAS safety tech and six airbags are also standard.
With sporty styling, engaging driving dynamics and stellar fuel economy, the feature-packed City e: HEV makes a compelling case in the midsize sedan space. The City hybrid is a great option for buyers wanting hybrid benefits without an MPV.
Check out: Honda City Variants
Maruti Suzuki Invicto
Maruti Suzuki will launch its first hybrid model, the Invicto, in 2023. Details are still scarce, but it is confirmed to get Maruti's first strong hybrid powertrain. The Invicto crossover SUV has borrowed its technology from Toyota, using a 183.25 bhp, 2.0-litre petrol-electric hybrid paired with an e-CVT automatic gearbox.
The Invicto's mileage is around 25 kmpl, which would be class-leading if achieved. As a 7-seater model from India's largest carmaker, it could help mainstream hybrids. Expected features include ventilated front seats, a 10.1-inch infotainment display, and connected car technology.
The Invicto hybrid promises to check many boxes for buyers wanting efficiency, space, and the latest tech in an affordable package. Once launched, Maruti's wide reach and service network could make it the hybrid of choice for mass-market buyers.
Check Out: Maruti Suzuki Invicto Variants
Toyota Vellfire
The Toyota Vellfire's refined petrol-electric hybrid powertrain makes a compelling case for buyers seeking a premium executive MPV. Under the hood, a 2.5-litre petrol engine uses an electric motor to produce 190.36 bhp and 235 Nm torque.
The responsive hybrid system comes with an e-CVT automatic transmission for smooth acceleration. Toyota claims a mileage of 16.35 kmpl, which is impressive for such a large luxury MPV.
On the inside, the Vellfire is feature-packed with amenities like dual sunroofs, power reclining captain seats, 3-zone climate control, a 14-speaker JBL sound system and a 10.3-inch rear seat entertainment system. The cabin feels thoroughly premium.
Safety systems include a rearview camera, seven airbags, vehicle stability control, hill start assist, and ABS with EBD. The Vellfire hybrid is a comfortable and efficient luxury people mover.
The hybrid space is taking off with growing options from Toyota, Maruti, Honda, and more. The improved mileage and lower emissions make them worth considering against equivalent petrol-only models for eco-conscious buyers. More hybrid variants across segments are likely on the horizon as the technology gains wider acceptance in India.
Choosing Between Petrol and Hybrid Engines
For car buyers today, deciding between a traditional petrol engine and a more modern hybrid option can be confusing. Let's look at some key guidelines that can help identify which powertrain better suits your needs:
Define Your Priorities
Start by reflecting on your driving requirements and priorities. Are fuel efficiency, performance, driving dynamics or emissions most important to you? Outline the features and qualities that matter most about your potential vehicle. It will help guide your decision-making process.
Calculate the Costs
Do a detailed cost analysis on both engine options. Hybrids have a higher purchase price but save on lifetime fuel costs. Use online calculators to estimate potential fuel savings based on your annual mileage. It will give you an idea of the hybrid's payback period to recover its price premium.
Factor in costs such as insurance, maintenance, and expected resale value for petrol and hybrid vehicles will provide a clear overview of the total ownership expenses.
Test Drives Are Critical
Do extensive test drives of both petrol and hybrid versions. It will give you a real feel for engine power, acceleration, cabin noise, and the overall driving experience. Ensure the hybrid's regenerative braking, EV mode, and power delivery meet your driving preferences.
Check Real-World Mileage
While hybrids boast higher ARAI-rated mileage, real-world fuel efficiency depends on terrain and driving style. Talk to existing owners to get feedback on the real mileage they achieve with petrol and hybrid models. It will help set practical expectations on potential fuel savings.
Ensure Sufficient Charging Access
Hybrids require minimal charging as they replenish via regenerative braking. But still confirm you have accessible charging options on your regular routes or at home in case the battery needs topping up. Lack of charging access can negate the hybrid's efficiency benefits.
Weigh the Variants Carefully
Compare feature sets and variants closely between similar petrol and hybrid models. Sometimes, lower hybrid variants need more equipment available on top-end petrol trims. Ensure you get the desired features at the price point you zero in on.
Consider Future Fuel Trends
Petrol and hybrid vehicles could face different government regulations and fuel pricing in the future. Analysing expected fuel policies can give you an idea of each technology's outlook in the long run, helping you make a more informed choice.
Get the Right Car for YOU
Finally, focus on your needs and preferences rather than hype or marketing claims. Be clear on your must-have priorities, budget constraints, and usage patterns. Evaluating your unique requirements will help you choose the ideal petrol and hybrid power technology.
Pros and Cons of Petrol Engines
Pros | Cons |
|---|
A wider selection of models/brands Better high-end performance potential Improved throttle response Lower upfront costs Proven reliability over decades of use Readily available fueling infrastructure | Lower fuel efficiency Increased environmental impact Rising and unpredictable fuel prices Less low-end torque than hybrids Fewer tech features than new hybrids |
Pros and Cons of Hybrid Engines
Pros | Cons |
|---|
Double the fuel efficiency of petrol Lower emissions for less environmental impact Smoother, quieter ride in electric mode Reduced dependency on foreign oil Take advantage of regenerative braking Eligible for carpool lane access in some areas | More expensive purchase price Limited model selection, especially for larger vehicles Potentially higher maintenance costs for complex systems Recharging the battery pack may be required Less responsive throttle input Transitions between modes can feel unnatural |
Conclusion
For many buyers today, hybrids' improved fuel efficiency and environmental benefits outweigh their drawbacks. Hybrid technology also continues to improve rapidly. However, traditional petrol engines are still advantageous for performance enthusiasts or budget-focused buyers. There’s no universally “right” option - it depends on your needs and preferences as a driver. You can decide between petrol and hybrid for your next car purchase by carefully weighing the pros and cons.
Frequently Asked Questions
