How to Handle and Prevent Car Brake Failure

How to Identify Brake Failure

The earlier you identify the problem, the easier it is to fix. Remember that a braking system has many moving parts, such as the rotor, disc, calliper, etc. You may have to keep an eye on such components.

Refer to the points below to understand how to identify issues with brakes:

• Screeching/grinding noises: It is a common sign that the brake pads are worn out and need replacement. Ignoring brake pads could lead to a hefty repair bill, as it may cause damage to other components as well.
   
• Shaking brake pedal/steering wheel: If your brake pedal or the steering wheel is shaking/rumbling, it may be due to an issue with the rotors. So, head to the service centre to get it checked whenever you feel that the pedal or steering wheel is shaking.
   
• Burning smell from brakes: It may be a sign of multiple issues with the braking system. Generally, it indicates unwanted friction within the components.
   
• Brake malfunction light: There are several warning lights on your dashboard, and the brake warning light is one of them. Whenever the brake warning light is on, never ignore it and take your car for a brake checkup.
   
• Brake fading: It is nothing but the loss of stopping power when you pump the brake pedal. It is caused due to overheating and can also lead to a complete brake failure.
   
• Brake fluid leakage: A slow leak in the brake fluid system can lead to brake failure. So, always pay attention to such leakages. Typically, you can find the fluid on the tyres if there is any leak.

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Reasons for Brake Failure

Brakes fail due to many reasons. Some are gradual, while others are sudden. Once you notice the brake failure, you can fix the problem before it becomes dangerous. Below are the major reasons why car brakes may fail:

• Worn-out brake pads: Brake pads press against the wheels to get the car to stop. If they are worn out and thin, the brakes won't work properly.
   
• Overheating of brakes: When you use the brakes often, especially when going down a hill, they can heat up and stop working.
   
• Leak in the brake fluid: Brake fluids help the brakes work. If there is a leak, there is not enough fluid to stop the car.
   
• Air in the brake pipes: Brakes require pressure to work well. Air in the brake pipes causes the pressure to be impaired, and the brakes may not work.
   
• Stale or dirty brake fluid: Brake fluid becomes contaminated over time. When not replaced, it destroys the braking system.
   
• Fault in brake booster: The brake booster helps you press the brake pedal with ease. When it fails, it is hard to stop.
   
• ABS or other brake system failure: New cars are equipped with systems like ABS to help the brakes. In the event of such a system failure, the brakes may also fail.

Types of Brakes in Cars and Their Reliability

Below are the types of brakes used in a car:

• Drum brakes: It was used in older cars where all four wheels were equipped with drum brakes.
   
• Disc brakes: It is a brake system that is common amongst all modern cars.
   
• Disc and drum brakes: It is a combination of drum and disc brakes. In this system, the front wheels are equipped with disc brakes, while the rear wheels use drum brakes. You can find this system in most budget-friendly cars.

These brake types cater to different vehicle categories, balancing cost, performance, and safety. While modern braking systems, especially in newer cars, are more reliable than ever, that doesn't make them completely immune to failure.

Generally, modern cars are technologically advanced; the chances of a complete brake failure are very rare. Some high-end cars even come with fail-safe technology that warns you in case of any issues with the brakes. But that does not mean that the brakes will never fail. They may suffer a catastrophic failure under some circumstances, and it may catch you off guard.

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How to Prevent Brake Failure

As the saying goes, prevention is always better than a cure. The same applies to your car’s brakes as well. If you service your vehicle regularly, you can avoid most of the issues related to the brakes. Follow the points below to prevent brake failure.

• Pay attention to how the brake feels: If the brakes feel ‘spongy’ or non-responsive when pressing the brake pedal, the brakes need a check-up. The brakes should be responsive and react with a tap on the pedal. If it takes too much effort to bring the car to a stop, it’s time to service the brakes.
   
• Service the car at regular intervals: Servicing your vehicle at regular intervals is key to preventing any braking system issues. Change of brake pads, an inspection of brake pads, brake fluid and rotors is necessary to keep the brakes in perfect working condition. Hence, regular service can prevent brake failures.

What is Emergency Braking

Emergency braking in a car refers to the sudden and forceful application of the brakes to avoid an unexpected obstacle or collision. It typically occurs in critical situations, such as when another vehicle suddenly stops or a pedestrian steps onto the road. Most modern cars are equipped with ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), which helps maintain steering control during emergency braking by preventing the wheels from locking up. This quick response is crucial for safety and can significantly reduce stopping distance in high-risk scenarios.

Emergency Braking Procedures

These emergency braking procedures may help you stop the vehicle safely if your car brakes fail and suddenly stop braking. Read them very carefully:

• Stay calm: Do not panic. Take deep breaths and hold the steering wheel tightly.
   
• Use hazard lights and horn: Turn on the hazard lights so that other drivers will be aware that something is wrong. Honk the horn to warn them.
   
• Pump brake pedal: Pump the brake pedal quickly a few times. Sometimes this will regain some braking power.
   
• Use engine braking: Take your foot off the accelerator (race pedal) and smoothly downshift to lower gears. This will decrease the speed. In a manual car, downshift one gear at a time. In an automatic car, take your foot off the pedal and let the car shift slowly. A few automatic cars have paddle shifters; use them if you have access to them.
   
• Use the handbrake (parking brake) gradually: Gradually pull in the handbrake so that you do not skid. Use it only when the vehicle is progressing slowly.
   
• Rub the vehicle against something soft (only if required): If everything else fails and you must have an emergency stop, gradually push the car against a wall, bush, or divider. This can slow the vehicle, but only do this if it is safe.
   
• Go to the roadside: Once your car slows, turn the wheels and proceed to the roadside or a safe place.
   
• Don't shut off the engine: Keep the engine running until you stop the car. If the engine is shut down, you risk losing control over the brakes and steering.

Modern Safety Features That Help Address Brake Failure

Modern vehicles possess smart safety features. They ensure your safety while driving. They can even prevent accidents. Some of the most important safety features in modern cars are as follows:

• ABS (Anti-lock Braking System): This helps you to brake the vehicle without locking the wheels. It keeps the car in control when you need to brake hard.
   
• EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution): It distributes the correct brake power to each wheel. This helps the vehicle stop straight.
   
• ESC (Electronic Stability Control): It helps prevent the vehicle from skidding or sliding, especially during high-speed cornering.
   
• Brake Assist: It provides extra brake power when you put on the brakes forcefully.
   
• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): It automatically brakes the vehicle if it senses a collision in front and you are unable to react.
   
• Hill Assist Control: It stops the vehicle from rolling on a hill when you are on one.
   
• Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): It alerts you if a tyre's air pressure is low. It is unsafe to drive with low tyre pressure.
   
• Rear Parking Camera and Sensors: They help you park safely without hitting anything at the rear of your vehicle.
   
• Blind Spot Warning: This alert warns you when there are vehicles in your blind spot while you are changing lanes.
   
• Driver Attention Alert: This gives you a warning if you drive sleepily or are tired.

Frequently Asked Questions

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